測定發動機燃(ran)料的餾程(cheng)

測定(ding)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃料的(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)可鑒(jian)別發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燃料的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發(fa)性(xing)，從而判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃料和輕(qing)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)有(you)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，原因是它們都(dou)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燃燒(shao)作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)。雖然汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理不(bu)全(quan)一樣，但(dan)均(jun)要求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)燃燒(shao)前能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充分(fen)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)，和空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)成(cheng)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)混(hun)合可燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，為(wei)(wei)燃燒(shao)創造良(liang)(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)條件。以汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)例(li)，性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)車用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內(nei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時，應(ying)產生功(gong)(gong)率大、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耗(hao)(hao)低、在(zai)(zai)各(ge)種工況(kuang)下均(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)順利運(yun)轉而不(bu)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)件的(de)(de)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好效果。通過(guo)(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)初餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點可判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)無保證發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)低溫下易(yi)于啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)輕(qing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)10%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反映(ying)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)含輕(qing)組分(fen)的(de)(de)多少(shao)，10%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)，否則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)就會(hui)發(fa)生閑難，而且容易(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)阻。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)可判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含影響(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)式發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)溫速度(du)的(de)(de)較輕(qing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)數量(liang)的(de)(de)多少(shao)，反映(ying)了汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)影響(xiang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)暖車、加(jia)(jia)速性(xing)和燃料分(fen)配(pei)均(jun)勻性(xing)的(de)(de)平均(jun)蒸(zheng)發(fa)度(du)。50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)，否則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來不(bu)及(ji)全(quan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)就進(jin)入汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)，因油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比(bi)(bi)小而燃燒(shao)不(bu)全(quan)，甚(shen)至(zhi)燃燒(shao)不(bu)起來，會(hui)使(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無法加(jia)(jia)速，甚(shen)至(zhi)熄火(huo)，且油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耗(hao)(hao)增加(jia)(jia)，降(jiang)低了發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)功(gong)(gong)率，反映(ying)出(chu)(chu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)好。我國規定(ding)車用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)50%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)于120℃，90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反映(ying)影響(xiang)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)充分(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)和燃燒(shao)的(de)(de)重組分(fen)數量(liang)的(de)(de)多少(shao)，也與汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)速性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)關，并與終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點一起反映(ying)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否全(quan)燃燒(shao)和發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)情況(kuang)。90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)和終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)，會(hui)使(shi)(shi)(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)燃燒(shao)不(bu)全(quan)，降(jiang)低發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)功(gong)(gong)率，耗(hao)(hao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)增加(jia)(jia)，并且在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)形(xing)成(cheng)積炭。同(tong)時，沒有(you)燃燒(shao)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)還會(hui)使(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)粘度(du)降(jiang)低，影響(xiang)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)效果，產生潤(run)(run)滑(hua)不(bu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)故障，使(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)件磨損(sun)(sun)增加(jia)(jia)。97%一98%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)和90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)有(you)相同(tong)的(de)(de)意義，并可進(jin)一步判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)了多少(shao)該牌(pai)號汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)重質(zhi)的(de)(de)、有(you)時是膠質(zhi)的(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)。終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點和90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)同(tong)樣可判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對澗滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)稀(xi)釋的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點越(yue)接近90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)和終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點、90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)越(yue)低，則(ze)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)易(yi)蒸(zheng)發(fa)的(de)(de)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)越(yue)少(shao)，因而其(qi)稀(xi)釋作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)越(yue)小。試驗證明(ming)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點為(wei)(wei)225℃的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)比(bi)(bi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點為(wei)(wei)200℃的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大1倍、耗(hao)(hao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)增加(jia)(jia)7%。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)，我國規定(ding)車用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)90%餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)溫度(du)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)于190℃,終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)點不(bu)高(gao)(gao)于205℃。