油品分析檢驗常用項(xiang)目及測定設備

粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)滯性(xing)(xing)的一種量(liang)(liang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，是(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)力對其內(nei)部摩擦現象的一種表示。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大表現內(nei)摩擦力大，分子(zi)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)大，碳氫結合越(yue)多，這種力量(liang)(liang)也越(yue)大。 粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)對各(ge)(ge)種潤滑油(you)(you)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)鑒別和(he)確定用途，及各(ge)(ge)種燃(ran)料用油(you)(you)的燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)(xing)能及用度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等有決定意義。在同樣餾出溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下，以烷烴(jing)為主(zhu)要組(zu)份(fen)的石油(you)(you)產品(pin)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低，而粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)好，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指數較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，也就是(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化而改(gai)變(bian)的幅度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)小；含(han)環烷烴(jing)（或芳烴(jing)）組(zu)份(fen)較(jiao)(jiao)多的油(you)(you)品(pin)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)；含(han)膠(jiao)質(zhi)和(he)芳烴(jing)較(jiao)(jiao)多油(you)(you)品(pin)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)，粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)差(cha)，即(ji)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指數低。 粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)常用運(yun)動(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)表示，單位mm2/ｓ。重質(zhi)燃(ran)料油(you)(you)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大，經預(yu)熱使運(yun)動(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達到18~20mm2/ｓ（40℃），有利于(yu)噴油(you)(you)嘴均(jun)勻噴油(you)(you)。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)測試可選(xuan)擇A1011自動(dong)運(yun)動(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)測定儀(yi)

殘(can)炭：

    殘(can)炭(tan)是在(zai)殘(can)炭(tan)測(ce)定(ding)裝置(zhi)的(de)坩(gan)堝中，將試(shi)油(you)按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)條件(jian)，加熱到試(shi)油(you)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分解而形成的(de)焦(jiao)黑(hei)色殘(can)留物(wu)(wu)。電爐法規(gui)(gui)定(ding)爐溫(wen)保持520±5℃下蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分解后(hou)的(de)殘(can)留物(wu)(wu)。一般柴油(you)殘(can)炭(tan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)把試(shi)油(you)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾到殘(can)余(yu)10%后(hou)，才蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)分解。稱10%蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾殘(can)余(yu)物(wu)(wu)殘(can)炭(tan)，這種10%蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾殘(can)炭(tan)物(wu)(wu)殘(can)炭(tan)值比(bi)全燒(shao)殘(can)炭(tan)結(jie)果大得(de)多，重質(zhi)燃(ran)料(liao)油(you)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)做全殘(can)炭(tan)。 大型低速(su)柴油(you)機可使用含(han)殘(can)炭(tan)10%的(de)重質(zhi)燃(ran)料(liao)油(you)。殘(can)炭(tan)值影(ying)響燃(ran)燒(shao)室的(de)結(jie)焦(jiao)結(jie)炭(tan)。但對氣缸和活塞(sai)的(de)磨損則不僅取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)殘(can)炭(tan)的(de)多少(shao)，還主(zhu)要取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)炭(tan)質(zhi)的(de)軟(ruan)硬(ying)。含(han)硫高(gao)的(de)積(ji)炭(tan)堅而硬(ying)，磨損較大。殘(can)炭(tan)檢測(ce)優選A1260微量殘(can)炭(tan)測(ce)定(ding)儀

餾(liu)程：  

    餾(liu)程(cheng)是指(zhi)以(yi)油(you)品(pin)在(zai)規定(ding)條件(jian)下蒸餾(liu)所得到(dao)的(de)(de)以(yi)初(chu)餾(liu)點到(dao)終餾(liu)點表(biao)示(shi)蒸發(fa)(fa)特(te)征的(de)(de)溫度(du)范(fan)(fan)圍。主要用(yong)(yong)來判(pan)定(ding)油(you)品(pin)輕、重(zhong)(zhong)餾(liu)分組成(cheng)的(de)(de)多少，控制產品(pin)質量和(he)使用(yong)(yong)性能(neng)等， 餾(liu)程(cheng)是保(bao)證柴(chai)油(you)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)動機燃燒室(shi)里迅速(su)蒸發(fa)(fa)氣化(hua)和(he)燃燒的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要指(zhi)標。輕柴(chai)油(you)全餾(liu)范(fan)(fan)圍160~365℃；重(zhong)(zhong)柴(chai)油(you)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)低(di)速(su)柴(chai)油(you)機上，有(you)充足的(de)(de)霧化(hua)、蒸發(fa)(fa)時(shi)間，對餾(liu)程(cheng)沒嚴(yan)格(ge)要求，一般在(zai)250~450℃，當前(qian)在(zai)中(zhong)、低(di)速(su)大、中(zhong)型柴(chai)油(you)機上已開始使用(yong)(yong)混合(he)型燃料油(you)。餾(liu)程(cheng)測試可選擇A2003自動餾(liu)程(cheng)測定(ding)儀?